Annotated+Bibliography

Springfield Township High School ** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography **
 * Annotation # 1 **

Ramirez, Jorge Hern´an, Roger Arce, and Adolfo Contreras. "Why Must Physicians Know About Oral Diseases?" //Teaching and Learning in Medicine// 22.2 (2010): 148-155. //Consumer Health Complete//. Web. 27 Sept. 2011.
 * MLA Citation: **

Peridontal Medicine Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia Peridontal Medicine Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **
 * Jorge Hern´an Ramirez **
 * Roger Arce and Adolfo Contreras **

Scope and purpose of the work: The purpose of this work is to inform physicians about the link between oral health and chronic diseases and medical conditions. It is also intended to prove that all medical professionals should be promoting good oral care and checking patient’s mouths besides just dentists in order to prevent diseases.

Intended Audience: Medical professionals.

Thesis or main idea: Physicians need to be involved in oral health promotion and oral health education should be included in the curriculum of future medical students.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments: Periodontal disease and gingivitis have links to conditions such as diabetes, pregnancy complications, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Summary of evidence: Scientists have studied the overall health of people with poor oral care who have diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis. It has been found that these people often have other health complications due to these. This data tells that there is a link between poor oral care and chronic diseases such as diabetes, pregnancy complications, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis.
 * EVIDENCE **

Evaluation of research: This journal article traces the diseases that can be caused by bad oral health. It also effectively backs this up with facts and calls for the importance of good oral health.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: The article effectively covers many different diseases and how they are caused by oral diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis.

Evaluation of author bias: The author believes that physicians should also care for oral health in order to help them prevent chronic diseases. However, this bias does not get in the way of the information.

This journal entry is very helpful in naming all of the diseases caused by poor oral health. It also traces the links between each condition and tells how it can be prevented. All of this is tied together by asserting the importance of good oral health and the need for a focus on oral health in all medical physicians.
 * REFLECTION: **

** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography **
 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 2 **

Deyo, Richard A., et al. "The Role of the Pediatrician in the Oral Health of Children: A National Survey." //Pediatrics// Dec. 2000: 1475. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 3 Oct. 2011.
 * MLA Citation: **

“Richard Deyo is OHSU Professor and the Kaiser-Permanente Endowed Professor of Evidence-Based Medicine in the Department of Family Medicine at Oregon Health and Science University. Dr. Deyo is a 1971 graduate of Grinnell college. He completed Medical School at Penn State (Hershey Medical Center), and a residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. He then completed a research fellowship and MPH degree at the University of Washington as a Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholar.”
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Scope and purpose of the work: The purpose of this work is to tell how the degree of oral health affects children. It advocates that proper oral health is necessary for children and pediatricians should track oral health.

Intended Audience: Medical professionals and pediatricians.

Thesis or main idea: Bad oral health in children can lead to eating, speaking, and learning problems. Since children in low-income families tend to not get proper dental care, programs should be created to get them the care that they need. Pediatricians should also track oral care when their patients visit in order to ensure optimal health.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments:
 * 1) Poor children do not get as much dental care as children from higher income families.
 * 2) Not enough children have access to dental care.
 * 3) Dental care should be included into the curriculum for pediatric students.
 * 4) Pediatricians should watch over their patient’s dental care and help them with it.

Summary of evidence:
 * EVIDENCE **
 * 1) Poor children have five times more untreated tooth decay than children from higher income families.
 * 2) Bad oral health in children can lead to eating, speaking, and learning problems.
 * 3) Only 20% of children from low-income families are receiving proper dental care.

Evaluation of research: This research shows that children need proper dental care in order to prevent eating, speaking, and learning problems. Good oral care can help them to develop properly. This research shows that it is important for pediatricians to track oral care in their patients.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: This does not cover a large amount of information. It talks about why dental care should be accessible for all children, but it does not say why. All it says is that bad oral care leads to eating, speaking, and learning problems, but it does not say how. It also does not go into these issues, which would be helpful. This would also support the author’s argument more. There should be more in-depth scope in this article to prove a point that dental care is necessary for all children.

Evaluation of author bias: The author believes that dental care is necessary for all children in order to improve their development. He also says that dental care should be included into the curriculum of pediatric students. The author does not use a strong bias and remains fairly neutral to support his thoughts.

This article offers information as to why dental care is important for children. However, it does not go in depth into this issue. Because of this, the article is not strongly supported. I will still be able to use it to tell how dental care is important to people of all ages. It also shows how dental care can effect development in children.
 * REFLECTION: **

Springfield Township High School
 * Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography **


 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 3 **

SATCHER, DAVID S. "Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health." //Public Health Reports// 115.5 (2000): 489. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 3 Oct. 2011.
 * MLA Citation: **

“Anniston native David Satcher (1941- ) is noted for serving as Surgeon General of the United States and as Assistant Secretary for Health for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. He is best known for his advocacy for health care in underserved communities and his civil rights activism in the field of medicine.”
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Scope and purpose of the work: The purpose of this work is to tell the effects of oral health on the overall health of the body and to discuss the importance of good oral health and how to improve it in America. Intended Audience: Americans and medical professionals.

Thesis or main idea: Chronic oral infections are leading to many diseases in people and steps must be taken to improve the oral health of Americans and make it available to all.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments: New research is showing links between chronic oral infections and heart disease, lung disease, stroke, low birth weight, premature births, periodontal disease and diabetes. Poor oral health can also negatively affect people’s quality of life at home, school, and work.

Summary of evidence:
 * EVIDENCE **
 * 1) Tooth decay is the most common disease in children. (Five times more common than asthma and seven times more common than fever).
 * 2) One in four Americans from ages 65-74 have periodontal disease.
 * 3) The poor, elderly and children in America have the worst oral health.
 * 4) Oral care is often too expensive or not available to some Americans.

Evaluation of research: The research supports the fact that oral health has links to overall health of the body. There is not much research in this article but a few solid facts. It would be better if the author included examples of studies to support the links between oral health and disease. Evaluation of scope: This article covers the effects of poor oral health, examples of oral health problems, the lack of dental care used by Americans, and how oral health can be improved in America. A good array of topics are covered but are not gone into too far.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of author bias: The author is not very biased. He states his opinions but backs them up. He uses information to assert his ideas.

This article is helpful to my project because it tells how poor oral health affects the overall health of the body and can lead to chronic diseases. It covers many topics but does not go very in-depth into them, which is not helpful. The article needs more research based facts to back up its ideas. This will be helpful but not in providing statistical and research based data.
 * REFLECTION: **

Springfield Township High School ** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography ** Offenbacher, Steve. "Potential Impact of Maternal Periodontitis on Reproductive Outcomes." //CDC.gov//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. .
 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 4 **
 * MLA Citation: **

Steve Offenbacher, DDS, PhD, Professor, Periodontology, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and James Beck, MS, PhD, Distinguished Professor, Dental Ecology and Research
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Scope and purpose of the work: The purpose of this work is to show the relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy complications. It covers a wide array of examples and research that supports the purpose.

Intended Audience: Dentisits, Physicians, Obstetricians, and Gynecologists, pregnant mothers.

Thesis or main idea: The main idea of this article is that oral care can lead to pregnancy and reproductive complications. It studies the connection between periodontal disease and impacts on reproductive outcomes.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments:
 * 1) Pregnant mothers with periodontal disease have 2-8 times higher risk of having preterm delivery.
 * 2) Newborn babies of mothers with periodontal disease are twice as likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
 * 3) Newborn babies of mothers with periodontal disease are three times more likely to have to stay extra time in the hospital over seven days.
 * 4) Treating periodontal disease will improve pregnancy outcomes.

Summary of evidence:
 * EVIDENCE **
 * 1) Study divided 400 women into a treatment and delayed treatment group.
 * 2) FINDINGS: Periodontal treatment is healthy during pregnancy, 25% or women have increased periodontal disease symptoms during pregnancy which increases the risk of premature birth. Also, periodontal disease slows and stalls the transfer of maternal microbial components to the fetus.

Evaluation of research: The research supports the argument that maternal periodontal disease effects reproductive outcomes. The work is logical, clear and well researched through a study and experiment.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: The topic has been well addressed. First facts about the topic are shown. The author uses facts to back up the link between maternal periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes. Then the author uses research to further support this. The topic is in-depth and supported.

Evaluation of author bias: The author argues that periodontal disease in mothers will cause negative pregnancy outcomes. He argues this position by using facts and research.

This article is helpful to me because it goes in depth- into one way that oral health effects overall body health. Periodontal disease is generally caused by a lack of oral care. This article explains how periodontal disease hinders pregnancy outcomes. Research and facts support my topic and show one way that oral care can affect the body. This will help me develop my argument by backing up the fact that poor oral health can cause many health complications and chronic diseases. Springfield Township High School ** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography ** Genco, Robert. "Diabetes and Periodontal Disease: Current Concepts." //CDC.gov//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. . Robert Genco, DDS, PhD, Distinguished Professor, Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
 * REFLECTION: **
 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 5 **
 * MLA Citation: **
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Scope and purpose of the work: This article covers all research about the links between periodontal disease and diabetes. It explains facts and uses research. The purpose of it is to expose the links between peritonitis and diabetes which link back to poor oral health.

Intended Audience: Doctors, diabetes patients, dentists.

Thesis or main idea: The main idea of this article is that poor oral health often leads to periodontal disease, which then leads to many chronic diseases. Most commonly, this disease is diabetes. The author argues that treating periodontal infects by improving oral health, can decrease a person’s degree of diabetes complications.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments: Summary of evidence:
 * 1) Diabetes is the disease that shows the most connections to periodontal disease.
 * 2) People with both diabetes and periodontal disease experience more extreme diabetes over time.
 * 3) Periodontal disease and diabetes are both chronic disease caused by poor oral health.
 * 4) The treatment of periodontal infects can reduce diabetes complications.
 * EVIDENCE **
 * 1) Researchers found that people with diabetes who also had periodontal disease experienced worsened glycated hemoglobin over time.
 * 2) Clinical trials showed that the resolve of periodontal infections in diabetes patients led to the reduction on clinical diabetes complications.
 * 3) Glycated hemoglobin is reduced when periodontal disease is cured in diabetes patients.
 * 4) Treatment of periodontal infects is connected with increased insulin resistance.

Evaluation of research: This article uses a lot of research to back up what it is saying. It is logical, clear, and well-researched through facts and studies.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: The topic is adequately addressed and it covers a wide range of research to support the thesis and main idea. Both facts and research are used to go in-depth into the topic.

Evaluation of author bias: The author believes that there is a strong link between periodontal disease and diabetes. He uses facts and research to support his idea. Because he does this, he has many strong arguments.

The source is helpful to my research because it shows the link between periodontal disease (which is caused by poor oral health), and diabetes. From the article, I learned how oral health can cause diabetes by effecting insulin and hemoglobin levels. The evidence helps to support my argument because it shows on way in which oral health directly connects to a chronic disease.
 * REFLECTION: **

Springfield Township High School ** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography ** Van Dyke, Thomas. "The Inflammatory Link between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases." //CDC.gov//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. . **INFORMATION:** Thomas Van Dyke, DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 6 **
 * MLA Citation: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Scope and purpose of the work: The source covers the links between periodontal disease and systematic inflammatory diseases. It tells what these diseases are and uses research to back up the links. It is an informational report.

Intended Audience: Dentists, Doctors, Patients.

Thesis or main idea: The author believes that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and systematic inflammatory diseases. This is argued by using research to show how periodontitis can cause heart disease through a lack of oral care and lipoxins.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments:
 * 1) There is a link between systematic inflammatory diseases and periodontal disease.
 * 2) There is a link between heart disease and periodontal disease.
 * 3) There is a cause-effect relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular lesions.
 * 4) It is suggested that a relationship exists between periodontitis and the initiation of atherosclerosis.
 * 5) Anti-inflammatory therapy using lipoxins is effective in preventing gingivitis and periodontitis.

Summary of evidence: Evaluation of research: The work is logical because it tells of a logical assumption and then uses research to back it up. The work is clear and easy to understand which is good because not everyone reading this will be a medical-professional. This work is also well-researched because it used a study on animals to prove its point.
 * EVIDENCE **
 * 1) Animal research has been conducted to show the link between periodontal disease and inflammatory diseases.
 * 2) Naturally occurring lipid compounds are responsible for the natural resolution of an inflammatory lesion.
 * 3) Lipoxins, work on specific inflammatory cells through receptors that result in down regulation of inflammatory cell function.
 * 4) Topical application of lipoxins can prevent gingivitis and periodontitis
 * 5) Lipoxins were found to prevent both periodontitis and cardiovascular lesions in the same animal.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: The topic is adequately addressed and goes in-depth. The author focuses on the thesis to show the links between periodontitis and systematic inflammatory diseases by using research.

Evaluation of author bias: The author is motivated to argue that poor oral health causes periodontisis, which then causes systematic inflammatory diseases such as heart disease. It is clear that he is motivated to argue this because of the research and facts that are used to support the main ideas.

The source is helpful to my research. From the source, I learned how periodontitis can cause systematic inflammatory diseases such as heart disease. The source provides evidence to support my argument by proving this link between diseases and showing how oral health can affect other bodily functions and health. This source is helping me to develop my argument by narrowing it down. Instead of just telling how oral health affects the body, it goes in depth to one oral health disease and shows how that leads to specific diseases. This is just one branch of oral health and its effects on the body.
 * REFLECTION: **

Springfield Township High School ** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography ** Page, Roy. "Introduction to Periodontal Diseases: Clinical Presentations, Etiology, and Pathogenesis." //CDC.gov//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. 
 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 7 **
 * MLA Citation: **

Roy Page, DDS, PhD, Director of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Scope and purpose of the work: This is an informational report and overview of periodontal disease.

Intended Audience: Doctors, Dentists.

Thesis or main idea: The main idea of this article is that peritonitis can lead to many other diseases and good oral health care must be practiced in order to avoid this disease.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments:
 * 1) Periodontitis affects 34% of the American population over the age of 30.
 * 2) Periodontitis causes tooth loss in 13% of adults.
 * 3) Periodontitis begins as inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and will cause the gums to bleed when teeth are brushed. Gingivitis becomes Periodontitis when destructive inflammatory processes extend into deeper periodontal tissues.
 * 4) Symptoms of Periodontitis: bleeding of the gums, depth in the gums around teeth, loss of alveolar bone.
 * 5) Can cause teeth to be lost.
 * 6) Caused by anaerobic bacteria that extends in and between teeth surfaces to cause destructive inflammation that destroys the attachment of gingival tissue to the tooth.
 * 7) Periodontitis enhances the risk for many potentially deadly diseases and conditions in the body.

Summary of evidence: The author provides facts about Periodontitis that have been proven and are accepted by the scientific world. He uses facts to show the symptoms, causes and effects of Periodontitis. This supports my arguments by showing how poor oral health leads to Periodontitis, which then leads to systematic diseases.
 * EVIDENCE **

Evaluation of research: The research is very logical because it used facts to back it up. This is clear because the author makes peritonitis easy for the reader to understand by giving a simple explanation of it before a technical one. Many facts are used to support the main arguments which makes this article well-researched.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: The topic of Periodontitis is adequately addressed in this article. This is because it explains the causes, symptoms and effects of periodontal disease. Research and facts are used to support the author’s main ideas.

Evaluation of author bias: The author takes an objective stance. He is not arguing anything, rather stating the facts about Periodontitis.

This source is helpful to me research because it gives me background information on Periodontitis, which both caused by poor oral health and can lead to systematic diseases in the human body. From this source, I learned the causes, effects and symptoms of Periodontitis. The source provides many facts which serve as evidence to show the effects of Periodontitis on the body. This source is developing my argument by providing me with more knowledge about Periodontitis so that I can show its links to chronic systematic diseases.
 * REFLECTION: **

Springfield Township High School ** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography ** Mayo Clinic staff. "Oral health: A window to your overall health." //Mayo Clinic//. N.p., 5 Feb. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. . “The senior medical editors are experienced Mayo Clinic clinicians and educators who have broad knowledge of many areas of medicine, occupational health, and disease management and health promotion. They work on a daily basis with Web content producers and editors to ensure that all content is accurate, clear and relevant. Specialty medical editors are leaders in their areas of health care. They work with our editorial staff to bring you timely, relevant and accurate information and tools.”
 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 8 **
 * MLA Citation: **
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Scope and purpose of the work: This is an informational report and overview of the effects of poor oral health on the body and the diseases that it can lead to.

Intended Audience: Dentists, Doctors, people.

Thesis or main idea: The authors tell that poor oral health can lead to several infections and diseases in the body. By doing so, the authors tell people that they must take good care of their mouth and teeth in order to reduce the risks for these problems.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments: Summary of evidence: Evaluation of research: The research is logical because it uses examples to show how oral health can affect the body. It is clear because it is straightforward makes the topic easy to understand. The article is also well-research because of the many examples it gives to show what can be caused by poor oral health.
 * 1) Problems in the mouth can effects the rest of a person’s body:
 * 2) Endocarditis: dental procedures and gum disease can cut your gums and allow mouth bacteria to enter the bloodstream. This can lead to infections in the inner lining of the heart.
 * 3) Cardiovascular disease: clogged arteries and stroke may be caused by oral bacteria which are due to Periodontitis.
 * 4) Pregnancy and birth: gum disease cause low birth weight and early birth.
 * 5) Diabetes: Severe infection of the gums can cause inadequate blood sugar control.
 * 6) Alzheimer’s disease: Tooth loss before a person turns 35 may cause Alzheimer’s disease.
 * 7) Can also lead to immune system and eating disorders.
 * EVIDENCE **
 * 1) Harmful bacteria in the mouth can become out of control and cause oral infections like tooth decay and gum disease.
 * 2) Reduced saliva flow makes it easier for bacteria to enter the bloodstream.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: The topic is adequately addressed and shows the effects that poor oral health can have on the body.

Evaluation of author bias: The authors tell that poor oral health causes many diseases and infections in the body. An objective stance is taken because just the facts are given to support the authors.

This source is helpful to my research. From this source, I learned the many diseases and infections that are caused by poor oral health. I also learned how these problems manifest themselves. The source provides facts about each disease and infection in order to show its links to oral health. This evidence supports my argument. The information helps to develop my argument because it tells of the many diseases and infections that poor oral health causes and how they are caused.
 * REFLECTION: **

Springfield Township High School ** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography ** Nazario, Brunilda, MD. "Dangers of Plaque & Gingivitis to Your Health." //Web MD//. N.p., 29 Mar. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. . “Brunilda Nazario, MD, is responsible for reviewing WebMD news and feature stories and graphics to ensure their medical accuracy. She joined WebMD in 2002. Nazario is the health expert for Women's Health Magazine. Nazario is board-certified in both internal medicine and in endocrinology and metabolism. She is also affiliated with numerous organizations including the American College of Physicians, The Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association for Health Professionals. Nazario is also a member of the Continuing Medical Education (CME) Advisory Committee for the Endocrine Society.” Scope and purpose of the work: This is an overview of the different health problems that poor oral health can cause.
 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 9 **
 * MLA Citation: **
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Intended Audience: Cardiologists, Doctors, Dentists.

Thesis or main idea: The author tells of the different diseases and conditions that poor oral health can lead to. Then, she goes more in-depth into each condition and tells how it has been linked to poor oral health by using scientific research and facts. The author argues that people must take good care of their teeth in order to avoid these health effects.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments: Summary of evidence: Evaluation of research: The work is logical because the author tells how it is possible. It is also clear because the author makes these conditions and their causes easy to understand. Lastly, the article is well-research because facts and examples from studies are used to support each example of how poor oral health can cause negative health effects.
 * 1) New research shows that bacteria and inflammation of the mouth can lead to heart attack, dementia, and overall health.
 * 2) Associations between bacteria and poor oral health have been discovered.
 * 3) Heart disease, diabetes, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, premature birth.
 * 4) Periodontal problems cause cognitive problems such as memory problems.
 * 5) Pregnant women with periodontal disease are more likely to have a preterm birth.
 * EVIDENCE **
 * 1) Plaque buildup releases acids that attack tooth enamel. This can lead to gum disease, causing gums to bleed. If continued, this becomes periodontal disease. This allows bacteria to get in under teeth and destroy tooth supporting bone.
 * 2) Periodontal disease is caused by inflammation and scientists believe that is causes inflammation throughout the body.
 * 3) A 2009 consensus paper studied the relationship between heart disease and gum disease in the //American Journal of Cardiology.// This showed people with gum disease to be more likely to have poor heart health.
 * 4) In a study participants with bad gum disease had the lowest memory test scores.
 * 5) 2009 study shows people with RA to have less welling, pain, and stiffness after periodontal disease was treated.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: The topic is adequately addressed and the author covers many different conditions that relate to the topic.

Evaluation of author bias: The author argues that these conditions can be caused by poor oral health even though they have not all been 100% proven. The author also argues that people must have good oral health practices in order to avoid these conditions.

This source is helpful to my research. From this, I learned about six different conditions that can be caused by poor oral health. I also learned how they are linked to oral health. This provides evidence to support my argument because it tells of results from a few scientific studies that support the idea that poor oral health can lead to other health problems. The information will help me to develop my argument by giving me facts that I can use and a way of explaining the links between inflammatory diseases and poor oral health.
 * REFLECTION: **

Springfield Township High School ** Graduation Project Annotated Bibliography ** Schocker, Laura. "6 Ways Oral Hygiene Affects The Rest Of Your Body ." //Huffington Post//. N.p., 1 Aug. 2011. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/01/ oral-hygiene-health-problems_n_914565.html#s319360&title=Reduced_Risk_Of>. “Laura Schocker is a medical journalist living in New York, NY. She attended the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University, earning both a bachelor's and master's of science in journalism.”
 * Student Name: Samantha Mikels **
 * Annotation # 10 **
 * MLA Citation: **
 * INFORMATION: **
 * Author’s credentials: **

Scope and purpose of the work: This is an informational report and overview of the different health effects of poor oral health.

Intended Audience: Doctors, Dentists, Readers.

Thesis or main idea: The author argues that having poor oral health will lead to several negative health effects. The author believes that people must take better care of their mouths in order to avoid conditions such as heart problems, dementia, diabetes, pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchitis and premature birth.
 * SUMMARY **

Summary of main arguments: Summary of evidence:
 * 1) Having good oral hygiene will keep the rest of your body in check.
 * 2) Pregnant women with periodontal disease are more likely to give birth prematurely.
 * 3) Having gum disease could make it harder for a woman to become pregnant.
 * 4) Periodontal disease can lead to heart problems, dementia, diabetes, pulmonary disease (pneumonia, acute bronchitis).
 * EVIDENCE **
 * 1) In a study of 226 women with periodontal disease, the ones who used mouthwash twice a day were 75% less likely to have a premature baby.
 * 2) Gum disease induced inflammation could trigger the early birth.
 * 3) In a study it took women with gum disease about seven months to become pregnant. It usually takes women without gum disease five months to become pregnant.
 * 4) "Researchers have found that people with periodontal disease are almost twice as likely to suffer from coronary artery disease as those without periodontal disease."- American Academy of Periodontology.
 * 5) Gum disease or cuts in gums allow oral bacterial to enter the bloodstream and cause infection in the lungs or heart.
 * 6) A study from the October 2007 edition of the //Journal of the American Dental Association// found that people who lost teeth before the age of 35 had an increased risk for dementia.
 * 7) A study on rats in 2007 showed a progression towards diabetes in rats who had periodontal disease and who had also been prediabetic.

Evaluation of research: The work is logical because it uses facts to back up its statements. It is clear because the author makes the connections between oral health and overall health easy for reader to understand. Lastly, the work is well-researched because the author uses results from notable studies and facts to back up the main ideas of the article.
 * EVALUATION **

Evaluation of scope: The topic is adequately addressed and the author backs up all ideas.

Evaluation of author bias: The author takes a stance to tell that people must practice good oral health in order to stay healthy. She uses facts and research to support her stance.

This source is helpful to my research. From this source, I learned how and why poor oral health can lead to conditions such as heart problems, dementia, diabetes, pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchitis and premature birth. This evidence provides support for my argument by providing many examples from research and facts about these diseases. The information in this source will help me by giving me the facts to create a more compelling argument about why people should take care of their teeth.
 * REFLECTION: **